Cardiovascular System Disorder

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid abundantly present brain and retina. It can be obtained directly from fish oil and maternal milk.

L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid acts at ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors.

L-Lactic acid is a buildiing block which can be used as a precursor for the production of the bioplastic polymer poly-lactic acid. L-Lactic acid has antiproliferative activity.

L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) is a non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and involved in many metabolic processes. L-Glutamine provides a source of carbons for oxidation in some cells.

α-Linolenic acid (ALA (free base); C18:3 (9Z,12Z,15Z) (free base); C18:3 n-3 (free base)) is an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans. α-Linolenic acid can affect the process of thrombotic through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. α-Linolenic acid possess the anti-arrhythmic properties and is related to cardiovascular disease and cancer.

L-Serine ((-)-Serine; (S)-Serine), one of the so-called non-essential amino acids, plays a central role in cellular proliferation.

L-Methionine is an L-isomer of orally active Methionine, an essential amino acid. Methionine is a strong liver antidote that acts as a liver protector. L-Methionine can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. L-Methionine has antitumor and antioxidant activity.

L-Ornithine ((S)-2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is mainly used in urea cycle removing excess nitrogen in vivo. L-Ornithine shows nephroprotective.

Pyruvic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and an agonist of the liver X receptor.

L-Isoleucine is an orally active branched chain amino acid, which is the L-enantiomer of isoleucine. L-Isoleucine has a role as a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. L-Isoleucine regulates the inflammatory response to protect against pathogens in vivo and in vitro.

Pyridoxine (Pyridoxol) is one of the components of vitamin B6. Pyridoxine exerts antioxidant effects in cell model of Alzheimer's disease via the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.

(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid has applications as a nutrition source and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones.

2-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-Hydroxybutyric acid ) is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid, with 2-oxobutyric acid as an intermediate metabolite. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid is a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes and preeclampsia. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid prevents the acetaminophen (AP)-induced liver injury.

Tetrahydrobiopterin ((Rac)-Sapropterin) is a cofactor of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases enzymes and also acts as an essential cofactor for all nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms.

L-Pyroglutamic acid is the levo-isomer of Pyroglutamic acid. L-Pyroglutamic acid is the biologically active enantiomer in humans. Pyroglutamic acid is an intermediate in glutathione metabolism. L-Pyroglutamic acid can be used as a biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid is a normal endogenous metabolite excreted in the urine. The urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid is early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency.

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is known as one of the most potent chemoattractants and activators of leukocytes and is involved in inflammatory diseases. Leukotriene B4 is also an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

L-Glutamic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutamic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases. IC₅₀ & Target:DA. In Vitro: L-Glutamic acid (120, 500, 750, 1000 mg/dL) can reduce the harmful effect of lithium on the embryonic development of Xenopus Xenopus.
L-Glutamic acid (2, 5, 10, 20 mM, 24-48 h) can induce neuroexcitotoxicity in neuroblastoma.
In Vivo: L-Glutamic acid (3 g/kg, subcutaneous injection) can promote excitotoxic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in mice.
L-Glutamic acid (750 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) can reduce and inhibit oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats.

L-Glutamine (Standard) is the analytical standard of L-Glutamine (HY-N0390). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. L-Glutamine is an orally active nutritional agent and cellular metabolism regulator. L-Glutamine is taken up in a Na⁺-dependent manner and targets multiple key molecules including glutaminase, mTORC1, NF-κB, STAT-3 and HIF-1α. L-Glutamine enhances glutaminolytic catabolism, drives the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, thereby regulating gene expression, integrating metabolic signals, mediating glutamine flux and maintaining redox homeostasis. L-Glutamine also promotes cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing, exerts neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects, and inhibits osteoarthritis. L-Glutamine can be applied to research related to osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke and acute cantharidin-induced cardiotoxicity.